In three studies, several patients did not complete the study and had a high risk of bias in the incomplete outcome data domain(Reference Oner and Muderris11,Reference Kose and Naziroglu26,Reference Fulghesu, Ciampelli and Muzj29) . In the presence of publication bias, trim and fill analysis was used to simulate a model without publication bias presenting a new effect size by inserting new fictitious studies. The sensitivity analysis was used to identify the dependence of overall effect size on a single study.
The effects of NAC, inulin and combined therapy on gut dysbiosis in rats with testosterone deprivation. F/B ratio of ORX rats treated with testosterone replacement and the combined therapy, but not NAC or inulin alone, were significantly reduced, when compared to that of ORX rats treated with vehicle (Figure 1A). ORX rats had significantly decreased testosterone levels when compared to that of sham-operated rats (Table 1). This study reported the positive effects of the use of the LC/LAC and NAC for treating male infertility caused by oxidative stress on the semen parameters.
This study was supported by Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. In addition, TAC correlated positively with markers of sperm quality such as motility and negatively with markers of sperm damage including abnormal morphology, protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation. Indeed, oxidative stress hampers chromatin reprogramming including DNA methylation, which has important consequences on the formation of the protamine shield protecting DNA from oxidative stress and thereby DNA damage. Thus, NAC reduced the severity of oxidative stress leading to reduced lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation as verified by MDA and TUNEL assay.
All treatments led to an equal increase in astrocyte ramification (Figures 4K and L). The ramification of the astrocytes from ORX rats decreased, as indicated by the decline in number of GFAP intersections and area under the curve of GFAP intersections. The complexity of astrocyte morphology was further investigated by Sholl analysis. The microglial ramification of ORX rats was decreased as indicated by the decline in number of Iba1 intersections and area under the curve of Iba1 intersections. The complexity of microglial morphology was further investigated by Sholl analysis.
Infertile men have higher levels of semen reactive oxygen species (ROS) than fertile men. There’s no specific need to cycle NAC supplementation, as it’s generally considered safe for long-term use at recommended dosages. NAC has shown promise in managing some symptoms of PCOS, including improving insulin sensitivity and reducing oxidative stress.
We utilised a random-effects model to get the overall effect size if the amount of between-study heterogeneity was significant. Then, relevant studies were assessed to ensure the suitability of a study for full-text assessment. Considering several benefits of NAC in patients with PCOS, there is still unresolved controversy among clinical trials investigating the efficiency of NAC supplementation in improving ovulation and sex hormones profile in PCOS patients. Results of a recent study showed no effect of NAC on levels of FSH, LH and FSH/LH ratio among infertile PCOS women(Reference Nemati, Nemati and Taheri12). Follicles cannot grow and mature due to exceptional levels of sex hormone.
N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) is a supplement derived from the amino acid L-cysteine. The question of does NAC decrease testosterone?
There are a few reports on the effects of dietary antioxidant supplementation on sperm DNA integrity. Significant reduction of serum LH, FSH and, significant increase of serum testosterone levels was observed after treatment with NAC compared to before treatment NAC oral supplementation may improve sperm parameters and oxidative/antioxidant status in infertile males. NAC is unlikely to significantly decrease testosterone levels and may even offer indirect support for hormonal balance through its antioxidant effects. Other studies haven’t found any significant changes in testosterone levels with NAC supplementation. Plasma was collected for biochemical analysis including plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL, triglyceride, and testosterone levels 28,29. These findings suggest that prebiotics, antioxidant and the combined prebiotics and antioxidant therapy could provide the beneficial effect on the brain similar to the use of testosterone replacement therapy in testosterone-deprived people.
Research directly investigating whether does NAC decrease testosterone? It directly neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress within the body. NAC works primarily by increasing glutathione levels. NAC’s range of benefits often overshadows concerns about its potential impact on testosterone. It’s a powerful antioxidant and precursor to glutathione, a crucial antioxidant produced within the body.

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